Mistral: on the 100-problem benchmark

Model: mistral-large-latest · each problem submitted 6 times, asking only for the final mathematical answer. Below are the 48 problems where at least one run differed. Each analysis is written by an AI and audited by the ExaktAI team.

Summary
52%
All 6 equivalent
9%
5 of 6 equivalent
8%
4 of 6 equivalent
16%
3 of 6 equivalent
8%
2 of 6 equivalent
7%
All 6 different
2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 4

Find the inflection points, as ordered pairs, and intervals of concavity of \(f \! \left(x \right) = x^{4}-8 x^{2}+3\).

Run 1
\(\left(\left[-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, -\frac{47}{9}, \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, -\frac{47}{9}\right], -\infty \cup -\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\cup \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\cup \infty , -\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left(\left[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{59}{3}\right), \left(0, 3\right), \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{59}{3}\right)\right], \left(-\infty, -\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, 0\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(0, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, \infty\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(\left[\left(-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, -\frac{47}{9}\right), \left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, -\frac{47}{9}\right)\right], \left[\left(-\infty, -\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right), \left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, \infty\right)\right], \mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(\left(-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right), \mathrm{concave\ down}\right)\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\left[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{61}{9}\right), \left(0, 3\right), \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{61}{9}\right)\right], \left[\left(-\infty, -\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, 0\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(0, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, \infty\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}\right]\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(\left[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{59}{9}\right), \left(0, 3\right), \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, -\frac{59}{9}\right)\right], \left[\left(-\infty, -\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, 0\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(0, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}, \infty\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left(\left[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}, -\frac{163}{9}\right), \left(0, 3\right), \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}, -\frac{163}{9}\right)\right], \left[\left(-\infty, -\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}, 0\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}, \left(0, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}\right)=\mathrm{concave\ up}, \left(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}, \infty\right)=\mathrm{concave\ down}\right]\right)\)

Analysis: The groups disagree on the x-coordinates of the inflection points (run 1 and run 3 use \(\pm\sqrt{2/3}\), run 2, run 4 and run 5 use \(\pm\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\), run 6 uses \(\pm\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}\)), on the y-values (\(-47/9\), \(-59/3\), \(-61/9\), \(-59/9\), \(-163/9\)), on whether \((0,3)\) is reported as an extra inflection point, and on the resulting up/down pattern of the concavity intervals.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 5

Apply 3 iterations of Gauss-Seidel to the system \(10 x_{1}-x_{2}+2 x_{3} = 6\), \(-x_{1}+11 x_{2}-x_{3} = 25\), \(2 x_{1}-x_{2}+10 x_{3} = -11\), starting from \([x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}] = [0, 0, 0]\). Give \([x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}]\) after iteration 3, each to 6 decimal places.

Run 1
\([ 0.600000, 2.327273, - 0.987273]\)
Run 2
\([ 0.601650, 2.371530, - 0.988685]\)
Run 3
\([ 0.600189, 2.327573, - 0.988626]\)
Run 4
\([ 0.600000, 2.327273, - 0.987273]\)
Run 5
\([ 0.600000, 2.327273, - 0.987273]\)
Run 6
\(\left[0.601652, 2.327052, -0.988682\right]\)

Analysis: Only runs 1, 4, and 5 match exactly. Runs 2, 3, and 6 each give different iteration-3 vectors, differing in at least one component at the required 6-decimal precision.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 6

Assuming \(0<a\), compute the curvature \(\kappa \! \left(t \right)\) and torsion \(\tau \! \left(t \right)\) of the helix \(r \! \left(t \right) = \langle a \cos \! \left(t \right), a \sin \! \left(t \right), b t \rangle\).

Run 1
\(\left(\kappa \! \left(t \right)=\frac{a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}, \tau \! \left(t \right)=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left(\kappa \! \left(t \right)=\frac{a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}, \tau \! \left(t \right)=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(\kappa \! \left(t \right)=\frac{a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}, \tau \! \left(t \right)=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\kappa=\frac{b^{2}}{a(a^{2}+b^{2})}, \tau=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(\kappa \! \left(t \right)=\frac{a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}, \tau \! \left(t \right)=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left(\kappa=\frac{b^{2}}{a(a^{2}+b^{2})}, \tau=\frac{b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}\right)\)

Analysis: The answer from run 1 gives \(\kappa = \frac{a}{a^2+b^2}\), while run 4 gives \(\kappa = \frac{b^2}{a(a^2+b^2)}\), which are different expressions (the torsion \(\tau = \frac{b}{a^2+b^2}\) agrees in both).

All 6 different

Problem 9

Find the closed form of the infinite sum \(\overset{\infty}{\underset{n =1}{\sum}}\frac{H_{n}}{n^{2}}\), where \(H_{n} = \overset{n}{\underset{k =1}{\sum}}\frac{1}{k}\) is the n-th harmonic number. Express the result in terms of the Riemann zeta function.

Run 1
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(3\right)}{2}\)
Run 2
\(\zeta \! \left(3\right)+\frac{\ln \! \left(2\right) \pi^{2}}{6}\)
Run 3
\(\zeta \! \left(3\right)+\frac{\zeta \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{2}\)
Run 4
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 5
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(3\right)}{2}+\frac{\ln \! \left(2\right) \pi^{2}}{2}-\frac{\pi^{2} \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{2}+\frac{\ln \! \left(2\right)^{4}}{2}+12 \Phi \! \left(1, 4, \frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Run 6
\(\frac{2\zeta(3)+\pi^{2}\ln(2)/6}{2}\)

Analysis: The groups evaluate to \((3/2)\zeta(3)\), \(\zeta(3)+\pi^2\ln 2/6\), \(\zeta(3)+\zeta(2)^2/2\), \(2\zeta(3)\), \((3/2)\zeta(3)+\pi^2\ln 2/2-\pi^2\ln^2 2/2+\ln^4 2/2+12\,\mathrm{LerchPhi}(1,4,1/2)\), and \(\zeta(3)+\pi^2\ln 2/12\), all distinct.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 10

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1}\ln \! \left(x \right) \ln \! \left(1-x \right)d x\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(2-2 \zeta \! \left(2\right)\)
Run 2
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)-2\)
Run 3
\(2-2 \zeta \! \left(2\right)\)
Run 4
\(2-2 \zeta \! \left(2\right)\)
Run 5
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)-2\)
Run 6
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)-2\)

Analysis: Run 1 gives \(2 - 2\zeta(2)\) while run 2 gives \(2\zeta(3) - 2\), which are different values since \(\zeta(2) = \pi^2/6 \neq \zeta(3)\).

All 6 different

Problem 11

Find the closed form of the infinite sum \(\overset{\infty}{\underset{n =1}{\sum}}\frac{\cos \! \left(n \right)}{n^{2}}\) (the argument is in radians, not degrees).

Run 1
\(\frac{\pi^{2}}{4}-\frac{\pi}{2}+\cos \! \left(1\right)-\frac{\pi \cos \! \left(1\right)}{2}+\frac{\left(\cos^{2}\left(1\right)\right)}{4}+\frac{\mathit{dilog}\! \left(1-{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}+\frac{\mathit{dilog}\! \left(1-{\mathrm e}^{-\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}\)
Run 2
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi^{3}}{12}-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2 \pi \right)}{2}+\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2 \sin \! \left(1\right)\right)}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{Li}_{2}\! \left({\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{Li}_{2}\! \left({\mathrm e}^{-\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi^{3}}{12}-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)}{2}+\frac{\mathit{dilog}\! \left(1+{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}+\frac{\mathit{dilog}\! \left(1+{\mathrm e}^{-\mathrm{i}}\right)}{2}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi^{3}}{12}+\frac{\pi^{2}}{4}-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2 \pi \right)}{2}+\frac{\Phi \! \left(1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi^{2}}{4}+\frac{\cos \! \left(1\right)}{2}-\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{k =2}{\sum}}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{k} \zeta \! \left(2 k \right)}{\left(2 k \right)!}\right)\)
Run 6
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{\pi}{2}\,\mathrm{csgn}(\mathrm{i}\,\exp(\mathrm{i}))+\frac{\pi^{2}}{4}\,\mathrm{csgn}(\mathrm{i}\,\exp(\mathrm{i}))^{2}-\frac{\pi^{2}}{4}\,\mathrm{csgn}(\mathrm{i}\,\exp(\mathrm{i}))\)

Analysis: The six expressions evaluate to six distinct numerical values (approximately \(0.986\), \(-2.758\), \(-2.674\), \(1.035\), \(-0.670\), \(7.83\)), so no two are mathematically equivalent.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 12

Decompose into partial fractions and evaluate \(\int \frac{3 x^{2}+2 x +1}{\left(x -1\right) \left(x +2\right)^{2}}d x\).

Run 1
\(\frac{3 \ln \! \left({| x -1|}\right)}{2}-\frac{11}{3 x +6}-\frac{11 \ln \! \left({| x +2|}\right)}{9}+C\)
Run 2
\(\frac{3 \ln \! \left({| x -1|}\right)}{2}-\frac{11}{3 x +6}-\frac{11 \ln \! \left({| x +2|}\right)}{9}+C\)
Run 3
\(\ln \! \left(x -1\right)-\frac{2}{x +2}-\frac{5 \ln \! \left(x +2\right)}{2}-\frac{11}{2 \left(x +2\right)^{2}}+C\)
Run 4
\(\frac{3 \ln \! \left({| x -1|}\right)}{2}-\frac{11}{3 x +6}-\frac{11 \ln \! \left({| x +2|}\right)}{9}+C\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\ln \! \left(x -1\right)}{3}-\frac{7 \ln \! \left(x +2\right)}{9}-\frac{7}{3 x +6}+\frac{11}{9 \left(x +2\right)^{2}}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{3}{9}\ln(x-1)-\frac{11}{9}\ln(x+2)-\frac{11}{3(x+2)}+\frac{1}{3}\frac{-3x-4}{(x+2)^{2}}\)

Analysis: The four answers have different coefficients on \(\ln(x-1)\), \(\ln(x+2)\), \(1/(x+2)\), and \(1/(x+2)^2\): run 3 gives \(1,\,-5/2,\,-2,\,-11/2\); run 1 gives \(3/2,\,-11/9,\,-11/3,\,0\); run 5 gives \(1/3,\,-7/9,\,-7/3,\,11/9\); run 6 gives \(1/3,\,-11/9,\,-11/3\) plus a non-constant \((-3x-4)/(3(x+2)^2)\) term, none of which differ by an additive constant.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 16

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln \! \left(x \right)}{\sqrt{-x^{2}+1}}d x\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)}{2}\)
Run 2
\(-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)}{2}\)
Run 3
\(-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)}{2}\)
Run 4
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{8}\)
Run 5
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{8}\)
Run 6
\(-\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)}{2}\)

Analysis: Run 4's answer is \(-\pi^2/8\) while run 2's answer is \(-\frac{1}{2}\pi\ln 2\), which are numerically and symbolically distinct values.

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 17

Find the critical points of \(f \! \left(x , y\right) = x^{3}+y^{2}-3 x\) and classify them.

Run 1
\(\left[\left[\left[x=1, y=0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[x=-1, y=0\right], \text{``saddle point''}\right]\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left[\left[\left[x=1, y=0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[x=-1, y=0\right], \text{``saddle point''}\right]\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\left[\left[x=1, y=0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[x=-1, y=0\right], \text{``saddle point''}\right]\right]\)
Run 4
\(\left[\left[\left[x=1, y=0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[x=-1, y=0\right], \text{``saddle point''}\right]\right]\)
Run 5
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[-1,0\right], \text{``local maximum''}\right]\right]\)
Run 6
\(\left[\left[\left[x=1, y=0\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right], \left[\left[x=-1, y=0\right], \text{``saddle point''}\right]\right]\)

Analysis: Run 5 classifies \((1,0)\) as a local minimum, \((-1,0)\) as a local maximum, and includes \((0,0)\) as a saddle, while run 1 classifies \((1,0)\) as a local minimum, \((-1,0)\) as a saddle point, and omits \((0,0)\).

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 18

Locate and classify the critical points of the surface defined by \(f \! \left(x , y\right) = x^{3}+y^{3}-3 x y\).

Run 1
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,1\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right]\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,1\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right]\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,1\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right]\right]\)
Run 4
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,1\right], \text{``local minimum''}\right]\right]\)
Run 5
\(\left[[[0, 0], \mathit{saddle}], \left[\left[-\sqrt{3}, -\sqrt{3}\right], \textit{local\_minimum}\right], \left[\left[\sqrt{3}, \sqrt{3}\right], \textit{local\_maximum}\right]\right]\)
Run 6
\(\left[\left[\left[0,0\right], \text{``saddle''}\right], \left[\left[1,1\right], \text{``local\_minimum''}\right]\right]\)

Analysis: Run 1 and run 6 report two critical points, \((0,0)\) as a saddle and \((1,1)\) as a local minimum, whereas run 5 reports \((0,0)\) as a saddle together with \((-\sqrt{3},-\sqrt{3})\) as a local minimum and \((\sqrt{3},\sqrt{3})\) as a local maximum.

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 19

Find the maximum rate of change of \(f \! \left(x , y\right) = x^{2} {\mathrm e}^{-y}\) at \([2, 0]\) and the direction in which it occurs.

Run 1
\([4 \sqrt{5}, \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -4 \end{array}\right]]\)
Run 2
\([4 \sqrt{5}, \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -4 \end{array}\right]]\)
Run 3
\([4 \sqrt{5}, \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -4 \end{array}\right]]\)
Run 4
\([4 \sqrt{5}, \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -4 \end{array}\right]]\)
Run 5
\(\left[\sqrt{17}, \frac{\left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -1 \end{array}\right]}{\sqrt{17}}\right]\)
Run 6
\([4 \sqrt{5}, \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & -4 \end{array}\right]]\)

Analysis: Run 5 gives magnitude \(\sqrt{17}\) with unit direction \((4,-1)/\sqrt{17}\), while run 1 gives magnitude \(4\sqrt{5}\) with direction vector \((4,-4)\) — the scalar magnitudes and the direction vectors disagree.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 24

Find the volume of the solid bounded above by \(z = -x^{2}-y^{2}+4\) and below by \(z = x^{2}+y^{2}\).

Run 1
\(2 \pi\)
Run 2
\(4 \pi\)
Run 3
\(\pi\)
Run 4
\(\pi\)
Run 5
\(\pi\)
Run 6
\(\pi\)

Analysis: The answer by run 1 is \(2\pi\), the answer by run 2 is \(4\pi\), and the answer by run 3 is \(\pi\).

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 25

Find the determinant of the 4x4 matrix \(A = \left[\begin{array}{cccc} 2 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 3 \end{array}\right]\).

Run 1
\(20\)
Run 2
\(20\)
Run 3
\(20\)
Run 4
\(10\)
Run 5
\(20\)
Run 6
\(10\)

Analysis: The answers differ in value: run 1 gives \(20\) while run 4 gives \(10\).

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 28

Find one valid QR decomposition of the matrix \(\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]\).

Run 1
\(\left[0, \frac{\sqrt{15}\, \sqrt{5}}{3}\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left(\left[\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\right], \left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\right], \left[0, \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right]\right], \left[\left[\sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right], \left[0, \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(\left[\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\right], \left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}, -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\right], \left[0, \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}, -\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}\right]\right], \left[\left[\sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right], \left[0, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{3}}\right], \left[0, 0, \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\left[\left[\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2}, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\right], \left[\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2}, -\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{3}\right], \left[0, \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{3}\right]\right], \left[\left[\sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2}\right], \left[0, \frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(\left[\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right], \left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right], \left[0, \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right]\right], \left[\left[\sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right], \left[0, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left[0, \frac{\sqrt{15}\, \sqrt{5}}{3}\right]\)

Analysis: All responses are from mistral; mathematically they split because one gives a \(3\times 2\) \(Q\) with \(2\times 2\) \(R\) using a second \(Q\)-column proportional to \((1,-1,2)\), another gives a \(3\times 3\)–\(3\times 3\) pair, another gives a \(3\times 2\)–\(2\times 2\) pair with second \(Q\)-column proportional to \((2,-1,1)\), another gives a \(3\times 2\)–\(2\times 2\) pair with second \(Q\)-column proportional to \((1,-1,1)\) (and different \(R_{22}\)), and the last is only a length-2 vector rather than a \((Q,R)\) decomposition.

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 29

Find one valid singular value decomposition of the matrix \(\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 6 \end{array}\right]\).

Run 1
\(U=\left\langle \left\langle \frac{1}{14}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}, -\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{5}\sqrt{2}, \frac{2}{21}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}\right\rangle, \left\langle \frac{3}{14}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}, \frac{2}{15}\sqrt{5}\sqrt{2}, -\frac{11}{21}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}\right\rangle, \left\langle \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}, \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{5}\sqrt{2}, \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{5}\right\rangle \right\rangle,\ \Sigma=\left\langle \left\langle \frac{1}{14}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{294+42\sqrt{33}}, 0\right\rangle, \left\langle 0, \frac{1}{14}\sqrt{14}\sqrt{294-42\sqrt{33}}\right\rangle, \left\langle 0, 0\right\rangle \right\rangle,\ V=\left\langle \left\langle \frac{1}{6}\sqrt{33}\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{2}, -\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{33}\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{2}\right\rangle, \left\langle \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{2}\right\rangle \right\rangle\)
Run 2
\(\left(\left[\left[-0.2298476964, 0.8834610176, 0.4082482905\right], \left[-0.5247448188, 0.2407824921, -0.8164965809\right], \left[-0.8196419411, -0.4018960333, 0.4082482905\right]\right], \left[\left[9.5255180916, 0.\right], \left[0., 0.5143005807\right], \left[0., 0.\right]\right], \left[\left[-0.6196294838, -0.7848944529\right], \left[-0.7848944529, 0.6196294838\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 3
\(\langle U , S , \mathit{Vt}\rangle \coloneqq \langle \langle - 0.2298476964, 0.8834610175, 0.4082482905\rangle | \langle - 0.5247448188, 0.2407824920, - 0.8164965809\rangle | \langle - 0.8196419412, - 0.4018960335, 0.4082482905\rangle \rangle ,\langle \langle 9.623475383, 0\rangle | \langle 0, 0.6234753830\rangle | \langle 0, 0\rangle | \langle 0, 0\rangle \rangle ,\langle \langle - 0.6196294839, - 0.7848944533\rangle | \langle - 0.7848944533, 0.6196294839\rangle \rangle\)
Run 4
\([[\left[\begin{array}{c} - 0.02298476964 \\ - 0.8834610176 \\ - 0.4100260253 \end{array}\right], \left[\begin{array}{c} - 0.5247448188 \\ - 0.2407824920 \\ 0.8162179597 \end{array}\right], \left[\begin{array}{c} - 0.8196419411 \\ 0.4018960337 \\ - 0.4082482905 \end{array}\right]], [[ 9.525518092, 0.0], [ 0.0, 0.5143005809]], [[- 0.6196294838, - 0.7848944529], [- 0.7848944529, 0.6196294838]]]\)
Run 5
\(\left(\left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{10}\sqrt{50-10\sqrt{5}} & \frac{1}{10}\sqrt{50+10\sqrt{5}} \\ \frac{3}{10}\sqrt{50-10\sqrt{5}} & \frac{3}{10}\sqrt{50+10\sqrt{5}} \\ \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{50-10\sqrt{5}} & \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{50+10\sqrt{5}} \end{array}\right], \left[\begin{array}{cc} \sqrt{91+\sqrt{2101}} & 0 \\ 0 & \sqrt{91-\sqrt{2101}} \end{array}\right], \left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2-\frac{2}{11}\sqrt{2101}} & \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2+\frac{2}{11}\sqrt{2101}} \\ \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2+\frac{2}{11}\sqrt{2101}} & -\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2-\frac{2}{11}\sqrt{2101}} \end{array}\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left(\left[\left[-0.2298476964, 0.8834610175\right], \left[-0.5247448188, 0.2407824920\right], \left[-0.8196419412, -0.4018960335\right]\right], \mathrm{DiagonalMatrix}\!\left(\left[9.5255180916, 0.5142999290\right]\right), \left[\left[-0.6196294838, -0.7848944533\right], \left[-0.7848944533, 0.6196294838\right]\right]\right)\)

Analysis: One pair of mistral responses is the same SVD up to full-vs-thin notation with matching singular values \((\sigma_1 \approx 9.525518,\ \sigma_2 \approx 0.514300)\), while each other mistral response has different matrix factors (including different singular values and/or incompatible factor shapes), so they are not equivalent to that pair or to each other.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 30

Diagonalize \(A = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 4 & 1 \\ 2 & 3 \end{array}\right]\) as \(A = D\), giving \(P\) and \(D\) explicitly.

Run 1
\(P=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1 & 1 \\ -1 & 2\end{array}\right], \quad D=\left[\begin{array}{cc}5 & 0 \\ 0 & 2\end{array}\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left[\left[P = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -\frac{1}{2} \\ 1 & 1 \end{array}\right], D = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 5 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{array}\right], \frac{1}{P} = \left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{2}{3} & \frac{1}{3} \\ -\frac{2}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \end{array}\right]\right]\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\left[P = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -\frac{1}{2} \\ 1 & 1 \end{array}\right], D = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 5 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{array}\right], \frac{1}{P} = \left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{2}{3} & \frac{1}{3} \\ -\frac{2}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \end{array}\right]\right]\right]\)
Run 4
\([[4, 1], [2, 3]] = \left[\left[1, 1\right], \left[2, 1\right]\right]\cdot \left[\left[5, 0\right], \left[0, 2\right]\right]\cdot \left(-1\right)\cdot \left[\left[1, -1\right], \left[-2, 1\right]\right]\)
Run 5
\([[4, 1], [2, 3]] = \left[\left[1, 1\right], \left[1, 2\right]\right]\cdot \langle \langle 2, 0\rangle , \langle 0, 5\rangle \rangle \cdot \mathit{MatrixInverse} \! \left(\left[\left[1, 1\right], \left[1, 2\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left[\left[4,1\right], \left[2,3\right]\right]=\left[\left[1,1\right], \left[1,2\right]\right]\cdot \left[\left[5,0\right], \left[0,2\right]\right]\cdot \left(\left[\left[1,1\right], \left[1,2\right]\right]\right)^{-1};\ P=\left[\left[1,1\right], \left[1,2\right]\right];\ D=\left[\left[5,0\right], \left[0,2\right]\right]\)

Analysis: The groups differ in the eigenvalue-eigenvector pairing inside \(P\): run 1 and run 2 pair \(5\) with \([1,1]\) and \(2\) with a scalar multiple of \([-1,2]\); run 4 and run 5 pair \(5\) with \([1,2]\) and \(2\) with \([1,1]\); run 6 pairs \(5\) with \([1,1]\) and \(2\) with \([1,2]\).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 31

Find the minimum-norm least squares solution to \(A x = b\) for \(A = \left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{array}\right]\) and \(b = \left[\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]\).

Run 1
\(\left[-{\frac{4}{3}}, {\frac{1}{3}}, {\frac{2}{3}}\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left[-\frac{1}{3}, \frac{2}{3}, 0\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\begin{array}{c} -\frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{2}{3} \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\)
Run 4
\(\left[\begin{array}{c} -\frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\)
Run 5
\(\left[\begin{array}{c} -\frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{2}{3} \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\)
Run 6
\(\left[-\frac{1}{3}, 0, \frac{1}{3}\right]\)

Analysis: The groups represent four distinct vectors: \(\left(-\frac{4}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3}\right)\), \(\left(-\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3},0\right)\) (with notation-only variants including a column form and an equation form), \(\left(-\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},0\right)\), and \(\left(-\frac{1}{3},0,\frac{1}{3}\right)\).

All 6 different

Problem 33

Solve the Riccati equation \(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right) = 1+x^{2}-2 x y \! \left(x \right)+y \! \left(x \right)^{2}\).

Run 1
\(y \! \left(x \right) = x +\frac{1}{\frac{{\mathrm e}^{x^{2}+2 \textit{\_C1}}}{-{\mathrm e}^{x^{2}}+\textit{\_C1}}+\frac{{\mathrm e}^{-x^{2}} x M_{-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}}\left(x^{2}\right)}{W_{-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}}\left(x^{2}\right)}}\)
Run 2
\(y \! \left(x \right) = x +\frac{1}{{\mathrm e}^{x} \textit{\_C1} -{\mathrm e}^{x} x +{\mathrm e}^{x}}\)
Run 3
\(y \! \left(x \right) = x +\frac{1}{{\mathrm e}^{x -\mathit{C1}}-\frac{{\mathrm e}^{2 x} \textit{\_C1} M_{1,\frac{1}{2}}\left(2 \,{\mathrm e}^{x -\mathit{C1}}\right)}{W_{1,\frac{1}{2}}\left(2 \,{\mathrm e}^{x -\mathit{C1}}\right)}}\)
Run 4
\(y \! \left(x \right) = x +\frac{-2 \,{\mathrm e}^{-x^{2}} \textit{\_C1} +\sqrt{2}\, \sqrt{\pi}\, \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\sqrt{2}\, x \right) {\mathrm e}^{-x^{2}}}{2 \,{\mathrm e}^{-x^{2}} \textit{\_C1} +\sqrt{2}\, \sqrt{\pi}\, \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\sqrt{2}\, x \right)}\)
Run 5
\(y \! \left(x \right) = x +\frac{-2 \textit{\_C1} \,{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}+2}{2 \textit{\_C1} \,{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}+2}\)
Run 6
\(y(x)=x+\frac{1}{2}\frac{-\operatorname{BesselK}(0,x)\,\_C1+\operatorname{BesselI}(0,x)}{\operatorname{BesselK}(1,x)\,\_C1+\operatorname{BesselI}(1,x)}\)

Analysis: The six answers all express \(y(x)=x+\) a different rational/transcendental correction term — involving Whittaker functions of \(x^2\), a plain exponential in \(x\), Whittaker functions of \(e^{x-C_1}\), the error function \(\operatorname{erf}(\sqrt{2}\,x)\), \(e^{-2x}\), and Bessel functions \(I_\nu(x),K_\nu(x)\) respectively — and these closed forms are not mutual reparametrizations of one another.

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 34

Solve the Riccati equation \(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right) = y \! \left(x \right)^{2}+x^{2}\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(\frac{-Y_{-\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right) \textit{\_C1} +J_{-\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}{Y_{\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right) \textit{\_C1} -J_{\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\)
Run 2
\(J_{-\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right) x \textit{\_C1} +Y_{-\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right) x\)
Run 3
\(y = -\frac{x Y_{\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}{J_{\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}-x\)
Run 4
\(\frac{J_{-\frac{1}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)x\sqrt{2}+Y_{-\frac{1}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)x\sqrt{2}\,\_C1}{J_{\frac{3}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)-Y_{\frac{3}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)\,\_C1}\)
Run 5
\(-\frac{x \left(J_{-\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right) \textit{\_C1} +Y_{-\frac{3}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)\right)}{\textit{\_C1} J_{\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)+Y_{\frac{1}{4}}\! \left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\)
Run 6
\(y(x)=-x\frac{Y_{\frac{3}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}{J_{\frac{3}{4}}\!\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}-x\)

Analysis: Run 3 and run 6 give the same particular Bessel-ratio solution (no arbitrary constant); run 1 has the same shape as run 5 but with the overall \(x\) factor cancelled between numerator and denominator; run 2 is a sum of Bessel functions rather than a ratio; run 4 inverts the structure with Bessel orders \(\pm 1/4\) in the numerator and \(\pm 3/4\) in the denominator; run 5 is the standard general form \(-x(C_1 J_{-3/4} + Y_{-3/4})/(C_1 J_{1/4} + Y_{1/4})\).

All 6 different

Problem 35

Solve \(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right) = \frac{x \left(x^{2}-x -1-2 x^{2} y \! \left(x \right)+2 x^{4}\right)}{\left(x^{2}-y \! \left(x \right)\right) \left(x +1\right)}\), expressing the implicit general solution.

Run 1
\(\left(x^{2}-y \right) {\mathrm e}^{x^{2}-y}-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+\frac{x^{2}}{2}+x = C\)
Run 2
\(\left(x^{2}-y \right) {\mathrm e}^{x^{2}-x -y}-\frac{x^{3} {\mathrm e}^{x^{2}}}{3}+\textit{\_C1} = 0\)
Run 3
\(-\frac{x^{2}}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\ln \! \left(x +1\right)}{2}+\textit{\_C1} \left(x +1\right)^{2}+y = 0\)
Run 4
\(-\frac{x^{2}}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\ln \! \left(x +1\right) x^{2}}{2}-\ln \! \left(x +1\right) y +\textit{\_C1} = 0\)
Run 5
\(\left(x^{2}-y \right) {\mathrm e}^{x^{2}-x -y}-\frac{x^{4} {\mathrm e}^{x^{2}}}{2}+\textit{\_C1} = 0\)
Run 6
\(-\frac{1}{2}\ln\!\left((x^{2}-y)^{2}(x+1)^{2}\right)-x^{2}+\ln(x)+\_C1=0\)

Analysis: The six answers have structurally distinct implicit forms — run 1 uses \((x^2-y)e^{x^2-y}\) with a polynomial in \(x\); run 2 and run 5 share the factor \((x^2-y)e^{x^2-x-y}\) but differ in the remaining term (\(x^3 e^{x^2}/3\) vs \(x^4 e^{x^2}/2\)); run 3 contains an arbitrary constant multiplying \((x+1)^2\) added to \(y\); run 4 has \(\ln(x+1)\) multiplying \(x^2\) and \(y\) with an additive constant; and run 6 uses \(\ln((x^2-y)^2(x+1)^2)\) together with \(\ln(x)\) and \(x^2\), so no two are mathematically equivalent.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 37

Solve Bessel's equation \(x^{2} \left(\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}}y \! \left(x \right)\right)+x \left(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right)\right)+\left(x^{2}-1\right) y \! \left(x \right) = 0\).

Run 1
\(J_{1}\! \left(x \right)+\textit{\_C1} Y_{1}\! \left(x \right)\)
Run 2
\(J_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C1} +Y_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C2}\)
Run 3
\(J_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C1} +Y_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C2}\)
Run 4
\(J_{1}\! \left(x \right)+\textit{\_C1} Y_{1}\! \left(x \right)\)
Run 5
\(J_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C1} +Y_{1}\! \left(x \right) \textit{\_C2}\)
Run 6
\(\operatorname{BesselJ}(1,x)+\_C1\operatorname{BesselY}(1,x)\)

Analysis: The answer from run 2 is the full general solution \(C_1 J_1(x) + C_2 Y_1(x)\) with two independent constants, while run 1's expression \(J_1(x) + C_1 Y_1(x)\) contains only one arbitrary constant and fixes the coefficient of \(J_1(x)\) to 1.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 38

Solve \(\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}}y \! \left(x \right) = \frac{x^{2} \left(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right)\right)^{2}-2 x y \! \left(x \right) \left(\frac{d}{d x}y \! \left(x \right)\right)+y \! \left(x \right)^{2}}{x^{2}}\).

Run 1
\(\left(\textit{\_C1} \,x^{2}+y \! \left(x \right)=0, \textit{\_C1} \,x^{2} {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{y \left(x \right)}{x}}+y \! \left(x \right)=0\right)\)
Run 2
\(y \! \left(x \right) = \textit{\_C1} \,x^{2}+\textit{\_C2} x\)
Run 3
\(y \! \left(x \right) = \textit{\_C1} x \sin \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)+\textit{\_C2} x \cos \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)\)
Run 4
\(y \! \left(x \right) = \textit{\_C1} x \sin \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)+\textit{\_C2} x \cos \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)\)
Run 5
\(y \! \left(x \right) = \textit{\_C1} x \sin \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)+\textit{\_C2} x \cos \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)\)
Run 6
\(y \! \left(x \right) = \textit{\_C1} x \sin \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)+\textit{\_C2} x \cos \! \left(\ln \! \left(x \right)\right)\)

Analysis: run 1 gives two single-parameter implicit families \(C_1 x^2 + y = 0\) and \(C_1 x^2 e^{-y/x} + y = 0\); run 2 gives the two-parameter linear combination \(y = C_1 x^2 + C_2 x\); run 3 gives the two-parameter combination \(y = C_1 x \sin(\ln x) + C_2 x \cos(\ln x)\).

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 40

For the Fourier-Bessel expansion \(f \! \left(r \right) = -r^{2}+1 = \overset{\infty}{\underset{n =1}{\sum}}c_{n} J_{0}\! \left(\alpha_{n} r \right)\) on \([0, 1]\), where \(\alpha_{n}\) is the n-th positive zero of \(J_{0}\! \left(x \right)\), give the closed form for \(c_{n}\) and the numeric values of \(c_{1}\), \(c_{2}\), \(c_{3}\) to 4 decimal places.

Run 1
\(\textit{c\_n} = \frac{8}{\textit{alpha\_n}^{3} J_{1}\! \left(\textit{alpha\_n} \right)}\)
Run 2
\(\textit{c\_n} = \frac{8}{\textit{alpha\_n}^{3} J_{1}\! \left(\textit{alpha\_n} \right)}\)
Run 3
\(\textit{c\_n} = \frac{8}{\textit{alpha\_n}^{3} J_{1}\! \left(\textit{alpha\_n} \right)}\)
Run 4
\(\textit{c\_n} = \frac{8}{\textit{alpha\_n}^{3} J_{1}\! \left(\textit{alpha\_n} \right)}\)
Run 5
\(\textit{c\_n} = \frac{8}{\textit{alpha\_n}^{3} J_{1}\! \left(\textit{alpha\_n} \right)}\)
Run 6
\(c_n=\frac{8}{\alpha_n^{3}\operatorname{BesselJ}(1,\alpha_n)}, \quad \left[4.2359, -1.0409, 0.4575\right]\)

Analysis: Run 1 and run 6 give the same closed form for \(c_n\), but their numeric values for \(c_1, c_2, c_3\) differ (\(4.2863, -1.0761, 0.5089\) vs \(4.2359, -1.0409, 0.4575\)).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 42

Find all 6th roots of \(-64\) in polar form and identify which roots lie in the upper half-plane.

Run 1
\(\left(\left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, -2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(-1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right], \left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right]\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left(\left[64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{6} \left(2 \pi \textit{\_Z1} +\pi \right)}, \textit{\_Z1} =0..5\right], \left[64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{6} \pi}, 64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{2} \pi}, 64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{5 \,\mathrm{i}}{6} \pi}\right]\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(\left[64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{6} \left(2 \pi \textit{\_Z1} +\pi \right)}, \textit{\_Z1} =0..5\right], \left[64^{{1}/{6}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{6} \left(2 \pi \textit{\_Z1} +\pi \right)}\$ \textit{\_Z1} =0, 1, 2\right]\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\left[2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{2 \,\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{4 \,\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{5 \,\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}\right], \left[2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}, 2 \left(-1\right)^{{1}/{3}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{2 \,\mathrm{i}}{3} \pi}\right]\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(\left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, -2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(-1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right], \left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\left(\left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, -2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(-1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1-\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right], \left[\left(-1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, \left(1+\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}\right) 2^{{1}/{3}}, 2 \,2^{{1}/{3}}\right]\right)\)

Analysis: run 2 and run 3 give six values of modulus \(2\) at arguments \(\pi/6 + k\pi/3\); run 4 gives six values of modulus \(2\) at arguments \(k\pi/3\) (offset by \(\pi/3\) from run 2 and run 3); run 1 gives six values of modulus \(2^{4/3}\) at arguments \(k\pi/3\).

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 44

Find the Laurent series expansion of \(f \! \left(z \right) = \frac{1}{z \left(z -2\right)}\) about \(z = 0\) for \(0<{| z |}<2\).

Run 1
\(-\frac{1}{2 z}-\frac{\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{\textit{\_k1} =0}{\sum}}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\textit{\_k1}} z^{\textit{\_k1}}\right)}{4}\)
Run 2
\(-\frac{1}{2 z}-\frac{\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{\textit{\_k1} =0}{\sum}}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\textit{\_k1}} z^{\textit{\_k1}}\right)}{4}\)
Run 3
\(-\frac{1}{2 z}-\frac{\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{\textit{\_k1} =0}{\sum}}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\textit{\_k1}} z^{\textit{\_k1}}\right)}{4}\)
Run 4
\(-\frac{1}{2 z}-\frac{\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{k =0}{\sum}}\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^{k}\right)}{4}\)
Run 5
\(-\frac{1}{2 z}-\frac{\left(\overset{\infty}{\underset{\textit{\_k1} =0}{\sum}}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\textit{\_k1}} z^{\textit{\_k1}}\right)}{4}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{1}{2z}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}z-\frac{1}{16}z^{2}+\frac{1}{32}z^{3}-\frac{1}{64}z^{4}+\frac{1}{128}z^{5}+O(z^{6})\)

Analysis: Run 4's expansion has principal part \(-\frac{1}{2z}\) with the geometric sum \(\sum (z/2)^k\) (all negative coefficients), while run 6's expansion has principal part \(+\frac{1}{2z}\) and alternating-sign coefficients corresponding to \(\sum (-z/2)^k\).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 47

Find the residue of \(f \! \left(z \right) = \frac{{\mathrm e}^{z}}{\left(z -\mathrm{i} \pi \right)^{2}}\) at \(z = \mathrm{i} \pi\).

Run 1
\(\frac{-\frac{\mathrm{i}}{2} {\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}}{\pi}\)
Run 2
\(-\frac{{\mathrm e}^{\pi} \pi}{2}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}}{2}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}}{2}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi} \pi}{2}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{{\mathrm e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}}{2}\)

Analysis: Run 1 gives \(\frac{e^{i\pi}}{2i\pi}\), run 2 gives \(-\frac{\pi e^{\pi}}{2}\), run 5 gives \(\frac{\pi e^{i\pi}}{2}\), and run 3 gives \(\frac{e^{i\pi}}{2}\), four distinct values.

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 50

Solve the polynomial equation \(x^{4}-2 x^{3}-3 x^{2}+4 x +4 = 0\) over the reals, finding all roots.

Run 1
\([1+\sqrt{3}, 1-\sqrt{3}, 2, -1]\)
Run 2
\([\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =1\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =2\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =3\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =4\right)]\)
Run 3
\([\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =1\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =2\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =3\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =4\right)]\)
Run 4
\([\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =1\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =2\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =3\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =4\right)]\)
Run 5
\([\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =1\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =2\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =3\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =4\right)]\)
Run 6
\([\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =1\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =2\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =3\right), \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{4}-2 \textit{\_Z}^{3}-3 \textit{\_Z}^{2}+4 \textit{\_Z} +4, \mathit{index} =4\right)]\)

Analysis: The answer from run 1 lists explicit values \(1+\sqrt{3},\ 1-\sqrt{3},\ 2,\ -1\), while run 3 and run 2 leave the roots as the four indexed \(\mathrm{RootOf}\) expressions of the quartic.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 52

Find the minimal polynomial of \(\alpha = \sqrt{2}+\mathit{root}_{3}\! \left(3\right)\) over \(Q\).

Run 1
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-6 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-36 x +1\)
Run 2
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-2 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-12 x -1\)
Run 3
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-6 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-36 x +1\)
Run 4
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-2 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-12 x -1\)
Run 5
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-2 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-12 x -1\)
Run 6
\(x^{6}-6 x^{4}-6 x^{3}+12 x^{2}-36 x +1\)

Analysis: The polynomials differ in their coefficients: \(-2x^3\) vs \(-6x^3\) and \(-12x\) vs \(-36x\), and the constant term \(-1\) vs \(+1\), so they are distinct polynomials.

All 6 different

Problem 53

Compute a lexicographic Gröbner basis (with \(y <x\)) of the ideal \(\langle x^{2}+y^{2}-4, x y -1\rangle\) and use it to find all complex solutions of the system.

Run 1
\(\left(\left[\mathit{xy} -1, x^{2}+y^{2}-4, y^{3}-4 y +1\right], \left\{\left\{x =\frac{1}{\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)}, y =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)\right\}, \left\{x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1\right), y =\frac{1}{\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1\right)}\right\}\right\}\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left[\mathit{xy} -1, y^{3}-4 y +1, x +\frac{y^{2}}{4}-\frac{4}{y}\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\mathit{xy} -1, x^{2}+y^{2}-4, y^{3}-4 y +1\right]_{\left[x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =1\right), y =-\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =1\right)^{2}+4\right],\left[x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =2\right), y =-\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =2\right)^{2}+4\right],\left[x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =3\right), y =-\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-4 \textit{\_Z} +1, \mathit{index} =3\right)^{2}+4\right]}\)
Run 4
\(\left(\left[\mathit{xy} -1, x^{2}+y^{2}-4, y^{3}-y \right], \left\{\left[x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+y \textit{\_Z} -1\right), y =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-\textit{\_Z} -1\right)\right], \left[x =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+y \textit{\_Z} -1\right), y =\mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{3}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)\right]\right\}\right)\)
Run 5
\([\mathit{xy} -1, y^{3}-4 y +1, 4 y^{2}+x -y -4]\)
Run 6
\([\mathit{xy} -1, y^{3}-4 y +1, y^{3}+x -4 y]\)

Analysis: The answers differ in the form of the third polynomial (giving \(x\) in terms of \(y\) or a univariate polynomial in \(y\)), in whether \(x^2+y^2-4\) is kept in the basis, and in the described complex solution set (number of solutions, indexed roots vs. unindexed roots, and the substitution form \(y=1/x\) vs. \(y=4-x^2\) vs. nested \(\mathrm{RootOf}\)).

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 54

Determine the Galois group of \(x^{4}-2\) over \(Q\).

Run 1
\(\mathrm{GaloisGroup}(x^{4}-2, x, \text{`minimal`}) = [8, 3, \text{`D4`}]\)
Run 2
\(\mathrm{GaloisGroup}(x^{4}-2, x, \text{`minimal`}) = [8, 3, \text{`D4`}]\)
Run 3
\(\mathrm{GaloisGroup}(x^{4}-2, x, \text{`minimal`}) = [8, 3, 7, \text{`D4`}]\)
Run 4
\(\mathit{Group} \! \left(\left[\left[1, 2, 3, 4\right], \left[\left[2, 4\right], \left[1, 3\right]\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 5
\(\mathit{Group} \! \left(\left[\left[1, 2, 3, 4\right], \left[\left[1, 3\right], \left[2, 4\right]\right]\right]\right)\)
Run 6
\(\mathrm{Group}\!\left(\left[\left[2,3,4\right], \left[1,2\right]\right]\right)\)

Analysis: The first group identifies the Galois group as the dihedral group \(D_4\) of order 8 (generated by a 4-cycle and a double transposition), while run 6's answer specifies a group generated by a 3-cycle and a transposition, which is \(S_4\) of order 24.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 56

Express the elementary symmetric polynomial \(e_{3}\! \left(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}\right)\) in terms of the power sums \(p_{k} = x_{1}^{k}+x_{2}^{k}+x_{3}^{k}\) for \([k = 1, 2, 3]\).

Run 1
\(-\frac{p_1^{3}}{12} + \frac{p_1 p_2}{4} + \frac{p_3}{3}\)
Run 2
\(-\frac{p_1^{3}}{6} + \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} - \frac{p_3}{3}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{p_1^{3}}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} + \frac{p_3}{3}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{p_1^{3}}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{p_1^{3}}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} + \frac{p_3}{3}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{p_1^{3}}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} + \frac{p_3}{3}\)

Analysis: Runs 3, 5, and 6 give \(\frac{p_1^3}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} + \frac{p_3}{3}\); run 1 gives \(-\frac{p_1^3}{12} + \frac{p_1 p_2}{4} + \frac{p_3}{3}\); run 2 gives \(-\frac{p_1^3}{6} + \frac{p_1 p_2}{2} - \frac{p_3}{3}\) (sign-flipped relative to runs 3, 5, 6); run 4 gives \(\frac{p_1^3}{6} - \frac{p_1 p_2}{2}\) with no \(p_3\) term.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 58

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\ln \! \left(\sin \! \left(x \right)\right)^{2}d x\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(\frac{\pi \left(120 \pi \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}+160 \ln \! \left(2\right) \pi^{2}+14 \pi^{3}+120 \pi \zeta \! \left(2\right)+480 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\right)}{480}\)
Run 2
\(\frac{\pi \left(\pi^{2}+4 \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}\right)}{4}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{\pi^{3}}{4}+\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{\pi \left(\pi^{2}+4 \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}\right)}{4}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\pi^{3}}{4}+\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{2}+2 \pi \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 6
\(\frac{1}{24}\pi^{3}+\frac{1}{2}\pi\ln(2)^{2}\)

Analysis: Run 1 contains \(\zeta(2)\), \(\zeta(3)\), and mixed \(\pi^2\) terms; run 3 gives \(\frac{\pi^3}{4}+\pi\ln^2(2)\); run 5 adds a \(2\pi\zeta(3)\) term to \(\frac{\pi^3}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\pi\ln^2(2)\); run 6 gives \(\frac{\pi^3}{24}+\frac{1}{2}\pi\ln^2(2)\), with different rational coefficients on \(\pi^3\) and \(\pi\ln^2(2)\) across the four.

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 67

Find the number of binary strings of length 8 with no consecutive 1's.

Run 1
\(55\)
Run 2
\(55\)
Run 3
\(55\)
Run 4
\(55\)
Run 5
\(55\)
Run 6
\(34\)

Analysis: The answers differ in value: run 1 gives \(55\) while run 6 gives \(34\).

5 of 6 equivalent

Problem 70

Find the number of spanning trees in the complete bipartite graph \(K_{2,3}\).

Run 1
\(12\)
Run 2
\(12\)
Run 3
\(12\)
Run 4
\(12\)
Run 5
\(6\)
Run 6
\(12\)

Analysis: The answer from run 5 is \(6\) while the answer from run 1 is \(12\), which are distinct numerical values.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 73

For data \(X = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\) and \(Y = [ 2.1, 3.9, 4.8, 6.2, 7.0]\), fit a least squares regression line \(y = b x +a\) and compute the residual sum of squares.

Run 1
\(\left(\left[ 6.140000000, 0.940000000\right], 0.668000000\right)\)
Run 2
\([ 6.140000000, 0.9400000000, 1.468000000]\)
Run 3
\([a = 0.5, b = 1.3, \mathit{rss} = 0.56]\)
Run 4
\(\left[{\frac{7}{10}}, {\frac{41}{10}}, {\frac{13}{35}}\right]\)
Run 5
\([a = 0.54, b = 1.26, \mathit{RSS} = 0.448]\)
Run 6
\(\left[a=0.66, b=1.28, \mathrm{rss}=0.308\right]\)

Analysis: The five answers report different numerical values for the intercept \(a\), slope \(b\), and residual sum of squares.

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 74

Find the range and interquartile range of \([5, 12, 18, 23, 28, 35, 41]\) using Tukey's hinges, with the median excluded from the lower and upper halves.

Run 1
\([18, 26]\)
Run 2
\([29, 19]\)
Run 3
\([29, 18]\)
Run 4
\([29, 16]\)
Run 5
\(\left(\left[18, 36\right], 19\right)\)
Run 6
\([29, 18]\)

Analysis: The answers give different numeric pairs for the range and IQR: run 1 reports \((18, 26)\), run 2 reports \((29, 19)\), run 4 reports \((29, 16)\), run 5 reports the hinges \([18, 36]\) with IQR \(19\), and run 3 reports \((29, 18)\).

All 6 different

Problem 75

For data \(\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}\), compute the least squares regression line \(y = b x +a\) and the coefficient of determination \(R^{2}\).

Run 1
\(\left(y = 1.6+ 0.7 x , 0.575\right)\)
Run 2
\(\texttt{[68343-399728-0924668f]}\; y=1.6+0.7x,\ 0.5352112676\)
Run 3
\(\left(\left[\frac{7}{5}, \frac{11}{10}\right], \frac{121}{170}\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\left[\frac{7}{10}, \frac{18}{5}\right], \frac{18}{37}\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left[\frac{81}{35}+\frac{6 x}{7}, {\frac{18}{35}}\right]\)
Run 6
\(\frac{\left[5/5-(15/5)(20/5)\right]}{\left([5/5-(15/5)^{2}],\,1.1+0.7x,\,0.7\right)}\)

Analysis: The groups differ in the regression line and/or \(R^2\): run 1 gives \(y=1.6+0.7x,\ R^2=0.575\); run 2 gives the same line but \(R^2\approx 0.5352\); run 3 gives \([7/5,\,11/10]\) with \(R^2=121/170\); run 4 gives \([7/10,\,18/5]\) with \(R^2=18/37\); run 5 gives \(81/35+(6/7)x\) with \(R^2=18/35\); run 6 gives \(1.1+0.7x\) with \(R^2=0.7\).

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 77

Perform a two-tailed one-sample t-test at \(\alpha = 0.05\) for \(\mathit{H0}\) using the sample \([9, 10, 11, 12, 13]\) (assume normal population with unknown variance).

Run 1
\(\mathrm{tvalue}=2.449489743,\ \mathrm{pvalue}=0.070458224\)
Run 2
\(t=-0.7071067812,\ p\_value=0.5189868044\)
Run 3
\(t=-0.7071067812,\ p\_value=0.5185043187\)
Run 4
\(t=-0.7071067812,\ p\_value=0.5184718099\)
Run 5
\(\mathrm{tvalue}=2.449489743,\ \mathrm{pvalue}=0.0704582019\)
Run 6
\(t=-0.7071067812,\ p\_value=0.5189868044\)

Analysis: The run 1 answer gives \(t \approx 2.449\) with \(p \approx 0.0705\), while run 2 gives \(t \approx -0.7071\) with \(p \approx 0.5190\), so both the test statistic and the p-value differ.

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 78

For \(\mathit{X\,~\,Beta(alpha=2,\,beta=3)\,}\), find \(E_{X}\), \(\mathit{Var}_{X}\), and the mode.

Run 1
\(\left(\frac{8}{5}, \frac{4}{175}, \frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left(\frac{8}{5}, \frac{6}{175}, \frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(\frac{2}{5}, \frac{3}{50}, \frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(\frac{8}{5}, \frac{2}{75}, \frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(\frac{8}{5}, \frac{2}{75}, \frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Run 6
\(\frac{8}{5}, \frac{4}{125}, \frac{1}{3}\)

Analysis: The groups differ in the value given for \(\operatorname{Var}[X]\): run 3 gives \(3/50\), run 1 gives \(4/175\), run 2 gives \(6/175\), run 4 gives \(2/75\), and run 6 gives \(4/125\); the answers for \(E[X]\) also differ between run 3 (\(2/5\)) and the others (\(8/5\)).

All 6 different

Problem 81

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln \! \left(x \right)^{2}}{x^{2}+1}d x\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(\frac{1}{8} \mathit{Catalan} \,\pi^{2}-\frac{7}{1536} \pi^{3}-\frac{1}{2} \pi G\)
Run 2
\(\frac{1}{2} \mathit{Catalan} \pi -\frac{7}{1536} \pi^{4}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{1}{16} \pi^{3}-\frac{1}{2} \pi G -\frac{1}{2} \mathit{catalan} \,\pi^{2}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{\pi^{3}}{16}-\frac{7 \pi \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{4}+\frac{\pi \ln \! \left(2\right) \zeta \! \left(2\right)}{2}+\frac{7 \zeta \! \left(3\right)}{8}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\pi^{3}}{16}-\frac{7 \pi \ln \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{4}+\frac{7 \ln \! \left(2\right) \zeta \! \left(2\right)}{2}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{\mathrm{Catalan}\,I}{2}+\frac{\pi^{3}}{16}-\frac{\pi(\ln(2))^{2}}{8}\)

Analysis: Run 1 combines \(\text{Catalan}\,\pi^2/8\), \(-7\pi^3/1536\) and \(-G\pi/2\); run 2 uses \(\pi^4\) instead and only a \(\text{Catalan}\,\pi/2\) term; run 3 subtracts \(\pi G/2 + \text{Catalan}\,\pi^2/2\) from \(\pi^3/16\); run 4 and run 5 both start with \(\pi^3/16 - 7\pi\ln(2)^2/4\) but differ in the remaining \(\zeta\)-terms (run 4 has \(\pi\ln(2)\zeta(2)/2 + 7\zeta(3)/8\), run 5 has \(7\ln(2)\zeta(2)/2\)); run 6 is complex-valued with an imaginary part \(\text{Catalan}\,I/2\) added to \(\pi^3/16 - \pi\ln(2)^2/8\), and the six expressions yield six distinct numerical values.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 82

Find the equation of the osculating circle to the curve \(y = x^{2}\) at the point \([1, 1]\).

Run 1
\(\left[\left(x +\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(y -\frac{9}{4}\right)^{2} = {\frac{125}{16}}, \mathit{center} = \left(-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{9}{4}\right), \mathit{radius} = \frac{5 \sqrt{5}}{4}\right]\)
Run 2
\(\left[\left(x +\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(y -\frac{9}{4}\right)^{2} = {\frac{125}{16}}, \mathit{center} = \left[-{\frac{1}{2}}, {\frac{9}{4}}\right], \mathit{radius} = \frac{5 \sqrt{5}}{4}\right]\)
Run 3
\(\left[\left(x +\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(y -\frac{5}{4}\right)^{2} = \frac{25 \left(\sqrt{5}\right)^{2}}{16}\right]\)
Run 4
\(\left[\left(x +\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(y -\frac{9}{4}\right)^{2} = {\frac{125}{16}}\right]\)
Run 5
\(\left[\left(x +\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(y -\frac{5}{2}\right)^{2} = \frac{25 \left(\sqrt{5}\right)^{2}}{4}\right]\)
Run 6
\(\left[(x-(-\frac{1}{2}))^{2}+(y-\frac{5}{4})^{2}=(\frac{1}{2})^{2}+(\frac{3}{4})^{2}\right]\)

Analysis: The groups differ in the circle's center and radius: run 1, run 2 and run 4 give center \((-1/2,\,9/4)\) with \(r^2 = 125/16\); run 3 gives center \((-1/2,\,5/4)\) with \(r^2 = 125/16\); run 5 gives center \((-1/2,\,5/2)\) with \(r^2 = 125/4\); run 6 gives center \((-1/2,\,5/4)\) with \(r^2 = 13/16\).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 83

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln \! \left(1-x \right)^{2}}{x}d x\) in closed form. Express the result using \(\zeta \! \left(3\right)\).

Run 1
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 2
\(6 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 3
\(\frac{\zeta \! \left(3\right)}{4}\)
Run 4
\(\zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 5
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)
Run 6
\(2 \zeta \! \left(3\right)\)

Analysis: The answer by run 2 gives \(6\zeta(3)\), run 1 gives \(2\zeta(3)\), run 3 gives \(\zeta(3)/4\), and run 4 gives \(\zeta(3)\), all differing by numerical factors of \(\zeta(3)\).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 85

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{\ln \! \left(x \right)}{\left(x^{2}+1\right)^{2}}d x\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{8}\)
Run 2
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{16}\)
Run 3
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{8}\)
Run 4
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{16}\)
Run 5
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{8}\)
Run 6
\(-\frac{\pi^{2}}{16}\)

Analysis: run 1's answer \(-\pi^2/8\) is twice run 2's answer \(-\pi^2/16\).

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 89

Project the vector \(\langle 2, 3, 4\rangle\) onto the subspace of \(R^{3}\) spanned by \(\langle 1, 1, 1\rangle\) and \(\langle 1, 0, 0\rangle\).

Run 1
\(\left[\frac{11}{3}, \frac{11}{3}, \frac{11}{3}\right]\)
Run 2
\(\frac{14}{3}\langle 1,1,1\rangle + \frac{2}{3}\langle 1,0,0\rangle\)
Run 3
\(\left[\frac{11}{3}, \frac{11}{3}, \frac{11}{3}\right]\)
Run 4
\(\langle 2, 1, 1\rangle\)
Run 5
\(\langle 2, 1, 1\rangle\)
Run 6
\(\left[\frac{14}{3}, \frac{7}{3}, \frac{7}{3}\right]\)

Analysis: The mistral answers are pairwise nonequivalent: they represent \( \left(\frac{16}{3},\frac{14}{3},\frac{14}{3}\right) \), \( \left(\frac{11}{3},\frac{11}{3},\frac{11}{3}\right) \), \( (2,1,1) \), and \( \left(\frac{14}{3},\frac{7}{3},\frac{7}{3}\right) \), respectively.

2 of 6 equivalent

Problem 93

Evaluate \(\mathrm{I}\! \left(a \right) = \int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{\cos \! \left(a x \right)}{x^{4}+1}d x\) for \(0<a\) in closed form.

Run 1
\(\frac{\pi \sqrt{2}\, {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \left(\cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right)}{4}\)
Run 2
\(\frac{\pi \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{\pi \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \sqrt{2}}{4}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{\pi \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \sqrt{2}}{4}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{\pi \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \sqrt{2}\, \left(\left(\cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right) \cosh \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\left(\cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)-\sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right) \sinh \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right)}{4}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\pi \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}} \sqrt{2}\, \left(\left(\cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right) \cosh \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\left(\cos \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)-\sin \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right) \sinh \! \left(\frac{a \sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right)}{4}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{1}{2}\pi \exp\!\left(-\frac{1}{2}a\,2^{1/2}\right)\sin\!\left(\frac{1}{2}a\,2^{1/2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\big/2^{1/2}\)

Analysis: The mistral answers are pairwise nonequivalent: they have respectively \(e^{-a/\sqrt2}(\cos(a/\sqrt2)+\sin(a/\sqrt2))\), \(e^{-a/\sqrt2}\cos(a/\sqrt2)\), a mixed form simplifying to \(\cos(a/\sqrt2)+e^{-\sqrt2 a}\sin(a/\sqrt2)\), and \(e^{-a/\sqrt2}\sin(a/\sqrt2+\pi/4)\) with different overall scaling factors.

4 of 6 equivalent

Problem 95

Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{2 \pi}\frac{\cos \! \left(\theta \right)}{5+4 \cos \! \left(\theta \right)}d \theta\).

Run 1
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{3 \pi \sqrt{5}}{4}\)
Run 2
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{3 \pi \sqrt{5}}{4}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi \sqrt{5}}{2}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{3 \pi \sqrt{5}}{4}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{3 \pi \sqrt{5}}{4}\)

Analysis: The mistral answers are pairwise nonequivalent, giving three different constants: \(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi\sqrt{5}}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{4}\), and \(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{3\pi\sqrt{5}}{4}\).

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 96

Factor the polynomial \(x^{8}+x^{4}+1\) completely over the complex numbers.

Run 1
\(\left(x^{2}-x +1\right) \left(x^{2}+x +1\right) \left(x^{2}-\mathrm{i} x \sqrt{3}+1\right) \left(x^{2}+\mathrm{i} x \sqrt{3}+1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \sqrt{3}+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \sqrt{3}+1\right)\)
Run 2
\(\left(x^{2}-x +1\right) \left(x^{2}+x +1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right)\)
Run 3
\(\left(x^{2}-x +1\right) \left(x^{2}+x +1\right) \left(x^{2}-\mathrm{i}\right) \left(x^{2}+\mathrm{i}\right) \left(x -\mathrm{i}\right) \left(x +\mathrm{i}\right) \left(x +\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \left(x +\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \left(x -\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \left(x -\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\mathrm{i} \sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\)
Run 4
\(\left(x^{2}-x +1\right) \left(x^{2}+x +1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right)\)
Run 5
\(\left(x^{2}-x +1\right) \left(x^{2}+x +1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}+\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}-x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right) \left(x^{2}+x \mathit{RootOf}\! \left(\textit{\_Z}^{2}-\textit{\_Z} +1\right)+1\right)\)
Run 6
\((x^{2}-x+1)(x^{2}+x+1)(x^{2}-x\,3^{1/2}+1)(x^{2}+x\,3^{1/2}+1)(x^{2}+\frac{1}{3}x\,3^{1/2}-x+1)(x^{2}-\frac{1}{3}x\,3^{1/2}-x+1)(x^{2}+\frac{1}{3}x\,3^{1/2}+x+1)(x^{2}-\frac{1}{3}x\,3^{1/2}+x+1)\)

Analysis: The four groups are mathematically different as written: they have different factor sets and different total degrees (respectively \(12,14,12,16\)), with one using explicit \(\sqrt{3}\) and \(i\), one mixing quadratic and linear complex factors, one using \(\operatorname{RootOf}\) coefficients, and one using additional \(\pm\!\left(1\pm \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)x\) quadratic factors.

3 of 6 equivalent

Problem 98

Find the closed form of the infinite sum \(\overset{\infty}{\underset{n =1}{\sum}}\frac{H_{n}}{n^{3}}\), where \(H_{n} = \overset{n}{\underset{k =1}{\sum}}\frac{1}{k}\) is the n-th harmonic number.

Run 1
\(\frac{7 \pi^{4}}{720}+\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(3\right)}{2}\)
Run 2
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(4\right)}{2}+\frac{\zeta \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{2}\)
Run 3
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(4\right)}{2}+\frac{\zeta \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{4}\)
Run 4
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(4\right)}{2}+\frac{\zeta \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{4}\)
Run 5
\(\frac{3 \zeta \! \left(4\right)}{2}+\frac{\zeta \! \left(2\right)^{2}}{4}\)
Run 6
\(\frac{17}{36}\pi^{4}-2\operatorname{Zeta}(3)\ln(2)-\frac{1}{2}\pi^{2}(\ln(2))^{2}+\frac{1}{6}(\ln(2))^{4}+4\operatorname{polylog}(4,\frac{1}{2})\)

Analysis: One mistral expression is \(\frac{7\pi^4}{720}+\frac{3}{2}\zeta(3)\), two mistral expressions are \(\frac{3}{2}\zeta(4)+c\,\zeta(2)^2\) with different \(c\) values (\(\frac12\) vs \(\frac14\)), and one mistral expression is a \(\pi,\ln 2,\zeta(3),\operatorname{Li}_4(1/2)\) combination; these are mathematically non-equivalent to each other.